1、水及其影响

      Water and its effects.

  在本文中描述的技术应用中使用未经处理的水（=自来水）是不可取的，因为这种类型的水在大多数情况下不具有必要的纯度水平。因此，自来水必须经过适当的处理，以便作为技术系统中消毒室和/或伴随的蒸汽发生器的给水。

    The use of untreated water (= tap water) for the technical application described herein is not advisable, since this type of water does not possess the necessary level of purity in most cases. For this reason, tap water must be treated appropriately in order to be used as feed water for the sterilization chamber and/or the accompanying steam generator in technical systems.

     相关标准中规定了必要的水质，其中DIN EN 285标准目前适用于消毒器的水质领域(见表B1)。在实际应用中，自来水通过单一混合床离子交换和/或涉及膜技术（反渗透）的系统进行处理（实际淡化/脱盐化）。在某些情况下，还可以使用额外的电化学脱盐工艺。在每种情况下，目标是以有目标和控制的方式降低自来水中的离子或矿物质含量，水的特定电导率通常被用作水质的重要指标。

   The necessary water quality is specified in the relevant standards, with the DIN EN 285 standard being currently applicable to the area of water quality for sterilizers (see Table B1). In practice, tap water is treated (for actual desalination / demineralisation) by means of a single mixed-bed ion exchange and/or in systems involving membrane techniques (reverse osmosis). In some instances, additional electrochemical post-demineralisation processes may also be used. In each case, the goal is to reduce the ion or mineral content of the tap water in a targeted and controlled manner.

1.1水的成分及处理方法

     Water constituents and treatment

  虽然在用于蒸汽生成的技术性水处理过程中偶尔会遇到引用“去离子水”，但应该注意的是，“去离子水”不是一个定义规范的术语。结合欧洲药典和美国药典，“去离子水”被定义为“纯净水”。因此，每个人都可以自由地解释“去离子水”或“部分去离子水”一词的含义。从技术角度来看，这种情况是非常不令人满意的，特别是当人们认为它似乎是非常重要的精确的定义标准化水质所需的特定应用，也能够采取适当的步骤来监测符合必要的/定义的质量限制。

    Though one will occasionally encounter re- ferences to 'deionised water' in practice in the context of technical water treatment for steam generation, it should be noted that 'deionised water' is not a defined normative term. In the binding Ph. Eur. and USP compendiums, 'deionised water' is defined as 'aqua purificata'. As a result, each individual is free to interpret the meaning of the terms 'deionised water' or 'partially deionised water' for his/her own field of activity. From a technical standpoint, this state of affairs is highly unsatisfactory, especially when one considers that it would appear to be extre- mely important to have on hand at all times a precise definition of the standardised water quality required for specific applications, and also to be able to take the appropriate steps to monitor compliance with the required/defined quality limits for the water constituents.